虚拟语气_英语论文

虚拟语气

有些条件句是可能实现的,称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿.请求,设想,等未能或不可能实现的事实,或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型,即由if引导的虚拟条件句,省略if的倒装形式,可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句,同位语从句,表语从句的句型,以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without, but for等介词引导的短语或句子.

四级对虚拟语气的测试主要涉及以下方面:

1). 主语从句,同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法.

2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法,尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法.

3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法,应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点.

4). would rather 等结构中虚拟语气的用法.

5). if only结构中虚拟语气的用法.

6). But, or, otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法.

7). It’s time (that) 等结构中虚拟语气的用法.

1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用

  (1)虚拟语气现在时.  用以表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在实现可能性不大的情况.

条件从句

主句

动词过去式(be多用were)

Would/should/could/might + 动词原形

Eg. If I were a bird, I would fly to you.

   If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.

 (2) 虚拟语气过去式.  表示与过去事实完全相反的假设.

条件从句

 主句

had + 过去分词

 would/should/could/might + have +过去分词

Eg. If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.

   If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.

 (3)虚拟语气将来式.  表与将来情形相反的假设或极少有可能实现的情况.

条件从句

主句

动词过去式或should +动词原形或were to +动词原形

would/should/could/might +动词原形

Eg. If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.

   If there should be no air, there would be no living things.

◆ 书面语中,上述(1),(2),(3)三种时态的虚拟句中,如果从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.

Eg. Were he in your position, he’d have done the same.